Category: Africa

Behind the MDGs.

Villages in Action is happening this weekend in Kikuube, Uganda. This unique conference is in response to the Millenium Development Goal summit in 2010 where world leaders and experts came together to discuss the plight of the poor – but forgot, yet again!, to include them. Villages in Action brings this community front and center as activists, facilitators and organizers.

Personally, I was quite struck by a series of Twitter Q&As on @tmsruge’s handle. A number of young girls from the Kikuube community were given access to the Internet and had the change to ask questions to other young women around the world. Their concerns and curiosity – from both the girls in Uganda and those responding in other areas of the world – are touchingly similar: innocent questions from a young woman in rural Uganda to another in D.C. I’m hoping they will be published on the Villages in Action website later so you can read them as a whole.

What’s poor?

During my final day in Entebbe, the girls running the hotel we stayed at grouped around me for a chat (travelling with a partner has been interesting. The moment I’m alone, I suddenly get approached in large numbers). The young woman, who had just finished her business degree at Makerere and was managing the hotel, was asking me about school and life in Canada. You will generally hear Ugandans saying that it must be ‘easy’ and everything is ‘free’ for foreigners. Perhaps the copious amount of tourists and NGO workers that roam the country with all kinds of gadgets (of which I’m guilty) and purchasing power create this impression.

However, it’s hard to explain to someone that nothing is ‘free’ in Canada and that a tremendous amount of work goes into making ends meet. Or that most of the disposable income I have is borrowed, and I do not have the means (yet) to pay it back. Or that I actually hold down one or two jobs during the school year to help meet my basic expenses and mitigate growing debt (this she seemed impressed by). I don’t think the girl at the hotel was convinced by the rest though.

My partner later commented that he wanted to bring some of his Ugandan family to the US to show them how much time he spends working in order to provide them with extra support and what the cost of living in a city like D.C. is. This reminded me, once again, how mobility is important to economic development and changing mentalities.

For example, a Ugandan friend of mine just returned from working in the US. She went there to help set up micro lending programs for poor American women. What a role reversal! It was fantastic hearing her speak about what it was like to be there. The organization dropped them off in their respective cities, gave them some cash and told them to work out everything from transit to finding a place to live and how to navigate a demanding 9am-8pm job.

These are challenges even for persons used to American-style transit systems or the difficult rental market. She was also impressed by the work ethic and kept mentioning how much people work in the United States compared to Uganda. This, she felt, was something that needed to change in her country if the situation is to improve. She also noted how she was permitted to question and challenge her boss, something she would not have done in a Ugandan organization. Finally, she noticed that the ‘poor’s’ mentality was similar to what she had seen in Uganda. The women she worked with were hesitant to work hard, preferring to rely on welfare checks. She’s had similar challenges trying to motivate members of Women of Kireka to start thinking for themselves and how they want to foster an income stream.

From here to there.

Heading back to weather fluctuating between -5 and -17 celcius and countless pages of readings and essays to write in just under 48 hours. I’ve lost track of the amount of times I’ve entered and exited Uganda. However, this – albeit brief – trip has been unique. Christmas celebrations in a small village near Masindi. Just a dusty road lined with a few shops; not marked on the national map. Welcomed into a home for meals of matoke, posho and beans cooked over the kitchen-courtyard fire. Greeted by the wider community not as a foreign NGO worker but – perhaps – more as part of the community itself. Refusing to take boda-bodas after an accident a few years ago, I mastered the matatu system far better than times before. The stubborn heat, sweat and noise of Kampala for a week. The debauchery of the Ugandan middle class over New Year’s weekend – from never ending parties on the shores of Bugala Island in Lake Victoria to iPads and glasses of wine in Entebbe’s beach bars. The middle class is growing, the country is getting richer and – at least since 2007 – there seem to be some improvements. Yet, the same frustrations of fluctuating power, difficult access to water and a failing health care system remains. Will 2012 bring any changes?

A boat carcass dressing Hornbill Camp’s beach. Bugala Island.

The sun setting over Lake Victoria.

Uganda’s ‘middle class’ enjoying food, wine and a swim in Lake Victoria on New Year’s Day.

Christmas in Kikuube, Uganda

In response to Jina’s inquiry about how one’s Christmas on the continent was spent, I thought I’d share a few words.

This year, I spent my first Christmas in Kikuube, Uganda. Kikuube is a small village located about 20 miles from Masindi, the closest town, and about five hours from the capital city, Kampala. My partner’s family has small house just outside the village surrounded by fields of matoke, potatoes, maize and groundnuts. About 1/3 of the family comes home from Christmas with about seven to fifteen children, parents and visitors hanging out at the compound.

The days leading up to Christmas were spent drinking countless cups of lemongrass tea and eating many, many meals of papaya, boiled ground nuts, posho, matoke, irish potatoes and steamed cabbage – all freshly picked from the garden. The days turned around a strict routine beginning with a long run past sugar cane fields and breathtaking views of blue-green mountains, followed by breakfast, lunch and dinner separated only by long naps in the shade and the occasional walk into the village center or to the garden to harvest groundnuts. Dinner was cooked over a bonfire in the kitchen/fire pit with the family gathering to talk, tell stories and drink tea.

Christmas Day itself had the same feeling of ‘busyness’ that I recognize from home. There is a massive meal to prepare: boiled meats, matoke, rice, millet, stewed vegetables. The girls and women are working over the fire in the kitchen as the sun rises, sweeping and tidying the house. The boys wash dishes and run errands. At around 11 am, everyone puts on their best clothing and heads to the church. A one room building made from mud and bricks at the edge of a large, overgrown field. The church houses 30-40 people. Sunday school children are sitting on a mat in their best suits and frilliest dresses. The women are wearing traditional clothing – all kinds of shiny silk and organza – or elaborate dresses with lace and flower prints and the men in smart shirts and suits. Toddlers wearing three piece suits drag their pant legs and sleeves over the red dirt.

The church service starts with an hour of singing, dancing, clapping and beating on drums. Individuals then stand up and say a few words about their health, their wishes for the coming year, and so on. Visitors from other churches or from outside the community introduce themselves. This is followed by a two-hour long sermon. The sermon was done in English (for our benefit, which was beyond considerate) with seamless translation into the local dialect. After more dancing and singing, donations are made and the service ends. People head to their respective homes and we move back to the house, gather on mats placed in the shade of trees and serve ourselves from massive pots of matoke, meats, rice.

After a long nap, we head to the village center. The whole village is out in their best dress and sprawled on chairs, mats, and benches. Children come by with their new presents: shiny bikes tangled with streamers and gift-wrapping. Others sip on syrupy sweet Mirindas and Pepsis. A woman with a baby tied to her back dances with a grandmother. The village drunk stumbles by. I’m sat on a bench and plied with gifts of Mirinda, groundnuts and sim-sim balls. The Christmas festivities continue long after sundown with a big dance behind one of the village shops. Massive boom boxes powered by a mix of generator and solar-power. When I run by in the morning around 6:30 am, the music has just ended and people are still hanging around drinking beers or slowly making their way home.

Overall, Christmas is a day of rest, reunion, and leisure for most – from rural farmers, to small shop owners, to the wealthy. From one continent to another, whether under sun or snow, that atmosphere of temporary rest after a long year remains unchanged.

Public order bill in Uganda

An interesting article on the Public Order Bill in Uganda. The theme – the use of legislation to crackdown on government critics and to exercise greater control over people’s rights to assemble and protest – is familiar. While working in Cambodia over the summer, I analyzed and studied the Cambodian Peaceful Assembly bill, passed in 2009, which has similar provisions (see pages 10-11 of this report & an article I wrote a few months ago). In particular, the establishment of procedures is susceptible to abuse.

Mpagi, writing in the Ugandan Monitor:

According to the explanatory memorandum for the Bill, it among others “seeks to manage public order” and to “specify the procedure to be followed when organising an assembly, a procession or demonstration as well as the penalties and sanctions to be imposed upon those found to breach the proposed law.”

Mr Solomon Webaalearaali, a human rights lawyer with Street Law Uganda, says that alone means that government is seeking to take away what ideally is the essence of demonstration as a means of expressing dissatisfaction in a democratic society.

“Public demonstration has an element of spontaneity, but this law will seek to establish procedures like applying for permission to demonstrate and if you are denied by the police then you go through an appeal process and then a court process; that takes away the purpose of demonstration, imagine people wanted to demonstrate because they took a mother to deliver in Mubende and she was not attended to and she died, do they have to wait and go through all those processes?”

Of course, the rule by law issue is at the heart of the debate. Is the government using new legislation to consolidate its power in the face of protests while placing itself above the law?

Critics of the Bill say these provisions effectively take away any automatic right for people to assemble and questions government actions or inactions. Those jittery about the Bill in its current form say they are concerned that government is increasingly resorting to rule by law rather than rule of law. They argue that the spirit of the new law is a panicky reaction to increasing public pressure on government expressed through demonstrations especially over the last six years.

Summer 2011 in the Women of Kireka workshop

Summer is coming to an end: I will be flying out of Phnom Penh on Monday, Hadijah, Women of Kireka‘s Kampala based business consultant, has started a new fellowship program in the United States, and Women of Kireka’s wonderful intern, Katie Gleason, is heading back to Harvard. Katie has posted a lovely set of photos from the summer on our website and Facebook. Despite all these departures, we’re expecting a busy fall: our partnership with Touch Jewelry is leading to some beautiful new mixed paper bead designs, Women of Kireka’s new intern and recent Yale graduate, Stacey Diaz, will be joining us in September, and I will be hosting a small Women of Kireka event in Montreal in a few weeks.

Addendum: the challenge of building a meaningful partnership

Cody, a former intern with WoK, holding new born baby Cody who was named after him.

A brief update from Women of Kireka cross-posted here.

I penned these “Seven Lessons Learned” with my co-workers at Women of Kireka and posted them a few days ago. What was meant to be a cathartic exercise has left me deeply unsatisfied. I think it’s really because they are only half the story. And, at the same time, transparency in the process of running the cooperative has always been one of our core values. So here goes:

This past week has been full of additional growing pains for Women of Kireka. We have been struggling to maintain a steady income stream off jewelry sales alone these past few months, and naturally, justifiably this has trickled down into the overall health of the cooperative. We have sworn off fundraisers (aside from the yearly marathon fundraiser, which is more an excuse for me to write about running in obscure places), pity stories, and other non-sale income streams. After all, we are a business, not a charity. We want to succeed – or fail – as a business.

Yesterday we had one of those impressive Cambodia-Uganda-United States Skype calls. The aim was to talk with Women of Kireka members directly to hear their grievances and exchange our points of view (we often communicate through our consultant or interns for the sake of efficiency, though this is a habit that I would put on the list of ‘things not to do’ and which we hope to change).

After a long conversation, it became clear that there is a lot of frustration. Frustration, of course, is not new in itself. Indeed, frustration can be a great motivating tool and we have collectively used such moments to learn and strengthen Women of Kireka’s foundations. But the frustration from this particular phone call was marked by a deeper disconnect in the “we” behind Women of Kireka. More specifically, what kind of a partnership we have (or failed to) establish(ed).

I think that’s the main point I missed in the “Seven Lessons Learned.” If you’re trying to co-run a business cooperative as a cross-border initiative, finding and maintaining a respectful “we” – i.e. building a conscious, fair partnership – is really challenging. A lot is lost in translation, the nuances of language and the difficulties caused by long distance communication. A promise to one party is simply an idea the other would like to consider, but is not sure will work. Soliciting new ideas to diversify the cooperative’s income stream and overcome funding issues does not sound like an equitable partnership to everyone. It’s really hard finding that balance.

Of course – in a stroke of luck – the international team made an important sale today. Cathy at Touch Jewelry continues to make absolutely stunning pieces with Women of Kireka beads and we’ll soon have Marie-Louise over in Montreal doing the same. A friend of mine just bought another necklace and commented that they were incredibly original and that even her brother, totally oblivious to jewelry, thought her purchases were pretty fantastic. Visitors to the workshop think Women of Kireka jewelry is so well made that they are interested in having some of the members train other groups outside Uganda. Hopefully these small successes will add up and push us through rough waters.

over at women of kireka

With the launch of our new website, there has been a lot of new activity over at Women of Kireka. We are planning on starting training in using metal and paper in our jewelry this week with Peter Corry, a Ugandan jeweller. We’ve been blogging a lot as well: profiling our new ambassadors and volunteers, featuring other Ugandan companiesdesign and colour inspirations, and telling more of the stories behind the Women of Kireka brand. Katie, our intern this summer, has been fantastic, but will soon be leaving and Stacey Diaz, a recent graduate of Yale, will be joining us in mid-September. Ronah, a Ugandan intern, also joined the Kampala team this summer and is bringing new energy. Finally, I continue to get up at 5 am to beat the heat in Phnom Penh (and more recently, in Indonesia) and train for the Montreal Marathon/WOK Fundraiser!

‘Forgotten Kenya’ and famine in East Africa

A few years ago I did some work (see “In ‘Forgotten Kenya,’ mobile classrooms follow in nomads’ footsteps”) with the Aga Khan Foundation (East Africa) and one of their partners, Education For Marginalized Children in Kenya, in North Eastern Province in Kenya.

This is the area hosting the Daadab refugee camp, where countless stories of famine and devastation are coming in anew. When we came in August 2009 to visit pastoral families in the region, there was drought and hunger, but it was nowhere near the scale it is today. I donated what I could afford to the World Food Program yesterday. The Canadian government has also promised to match donations made by Canadians:

The federal government announced Friday that it would match donations by individual Canadians who give money to eligible, registered, Canadian charities responding to the famine. The matching funds will apply to all donations made during a 10-week period, retroactive to July 6.

For a more in-depth analysis of the famine, check out the CBC here; for photographs from the area, see the Atlantic; and for a look at the causes of the famine beyond the traditional rhetoric of drought, see the Washington Post and the CBC. Donations are a short term answer to a humanitarian disaster; but much more is needed to develop a long-term, sustainable response to this recurring crisis.

running in Indonesia

Training for the Marathon de Montréal continues. After spending several days running on a treadmill in a selection of hotels in Jakarta – the bustling city is even hard for avid outside runners like myself to figure out – I am now in Ubud, Bali for a short break from Phnom Penh. While packed with tourists, I managed to escape the unexpected crowds this morning with an hour long run. If you keep going down Jalan Kajeng, the car-wide stone road narrows into a small footpath/motorcycle path and juts into the rice fields. A formidable irrigation system and a short passage next to the rush of man made rivers under a blanket of jungle foliage. At 6:15 am the sun is rising and on your right hand side the shadows of two volcanoes, covered in pink and grey clouds burning off under the morning sun, protrudes from the bright green clean cut pattern. The path eventually spits you back onto a narrow asphalt road which winds in between small villages. At 7:00 am children, in red and white uniforms, are diligently heading off to school in packs of twos and threes. Swinging small brooms, lunch pails and bags (and in one case, a narrowly missed scythe).

Donations raised through this marathon are being used to help Women of Kireka expand its product line. Recent donations went towards buying materials to train the women in using metal. Peter Corry, a Kampala-based graphic designer and jewelry, has offered to lead the training pro-bono.

If you are interested in contributing, please donate here.

“The rape of men”

A powerful piece by Will Storr with the assistance of the Refugee Law Project in Kampala, Uganda. The rape of men in conflict remains an underreported and unrecognized tragedy and Storr’s piece brings an important focus to horrifying narratives and statistics. A few extracts:

Jean Paul was at university in Congo, studying electronic engineering, when his father – a wealthy businessman – was accused by the army of aiding the enemy and shot dead. Jean Paul fled in January 2009, only to be abducted by rebels. Along with six other men and six women he was marched to a forest in the Virunga National Park.

Later that day, the rebels and their prisoners met up with their cohorts who were camped out in the woods. Small camp fires could be seen here and there between the shadowy ranks of trees. While the women were sent off to prepare food and coffee, 12 armed fighters surrounded the men. From his place on the ground, Jean Paul looked up to see the commander leaning over them. In his 50s, he was bald, fat and in military uniform. He wore a red bandana around his neck and had strings of leaves tied around his elbows.

“You are all spies,” the commander said. “I will show you how we punish spies.” He pointed to Jean Paul. “Remove your clothes and take a position like a Muslim man.”

Jean Paul thought he was joking. He shook his head and said: “I cannot do these things.”

The commander called a rebel over. Jean Paul could see that he was only about nine years old. He was told, “Beat this man and remove this clothes.” The boy attacked him with his gun butt. Eventually, Jean Paul begged: “Okay, okay. I will take off my clothes.” Once naked, two rebels held him in a kneeling position with his head pushed towards the earth.

At this point, Jean Paul breaks off. The shaking in his lip more pronounced than ever, he lowers his head a little further and says: “I am sorry for the things I am going to say now.” The commander put his left hand on the back of his skull and used his right to beat him on the backside “like a horse”. Singing a witch doctor song, and with everybody watching, the commander then began. The moment he started, Jean Paul vomited.

Eleven rebels waited in a queue and raped Jean Paul in turn. When he was too exhausted to hold himself up, the next attacker would wrap his arm under Jean Paul’s hips and lift him by the stomach. He bled freely: “Many, many, many bleeding,” he says, “I could feel it like water.” Each of the male prisoners was raped 11 times that night and every night that followed.

A lack of recognition and services:

Because there has been so little research into the rape of men during war, it’s not possible to say with any certainty why it happens or even how common it is – although a rare 2010 survey, published in theJournal of the American Medical Association, found that 22% of men and 30% of women in Eastern Congo reported conflict-related sexual violence. As for Atim, she says: “Our staff are overwhelmed by the cases we’ve got, but in terms of actual numbers? This is the tip of the iceberg.”

Later on I speak with Dr Angella Ntinda, who treats referrals from the RLP. She tells me: “Eight out of 10 patients from RLP will be talking about some sort of sexual abuse.”

“Eight out of 10 men?” I clarify.

“No. Men and women,” she says.

“What about men?”

“I think all the men.”

I am aghast.

All of them?” I say.

“Yes,” she says. “All the men.”

The research by Lara Stemple at the University of California doesn’t only show that male sexual violence is a component of wars all over the world, it also suggests that international aid organisations are failing male victims. Her study cites a review of 4,076 NGOs that have addressed wartime sexual violence. Only 3% of them mentioned the experience of men in their literature. “Typically,” Stemple says, “as a passing reference.”

(…) ”I know for a fact that the people behind the report insisted the definition of rape be restricted to women,” he says, adding that one of the RLP’s donors, Dutch Oxfam, refused to provide any more funding unless he’d promise that 70% of his client base was female. He also recalls a man whose case was “particularly bad” and was referred to the UN’s refugee agency, the UNHCR. “They told him: ‘We have a programme for vulnerable women, but not men.’”

The full article is available here. You can also see Refugee Law Project’s movie “Gender Against Men” here.

new jewellers and sketches on paper

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This past month, Women of Kireka has started working with a couple of new jewellers in Montreal and Ottawa. Marie-Louise sent us this lovely sketch and a request for the Siena and Scovia beads in warm and flashy orange, red, brown, cream and yellow and the Santa and Sabina beads in pale coral, light green, light yellow and cream. We are really excited to see how our beads in their beautiful pieces. Updates soon!

Cathy Khoury and Touch Jewelry

Cathy Khoury, owner of Touch Jewelry, is one of Women of Kireka‘s newest paper bead customers.

With headquarters in Montreal, and a workshop in Ottawa, Touch Jewelry is a home-based handcrafted jewelry business inspired by everyday women. Ever since I was a little girl, crafts have been a passion for me, whether it be collage, jewelry making, or scrap-booking. While it is quite ironic that I was very much of a tomboy growing up, jewelry was always part of my style. Not only was being born on Halloween a set up for loving the weird and the different, but having spent a few years in Africa growing up kept me in touch with the raw and human feeling of stones. That’s why I try to inspire myself not only from the bizarre, bold and statement designs, but also from the jazzy life that Montreal has brought me growing up and the distant memories I have of Africa. These experiences have given me a confidence that I’ve carried around in my back pocket ever since I moved to the quiet city of Ottawa. As such, my designs transpire the idea of confidence in order to empower women around the world.

With a new partnership with the Women of Kireka, Touch Jewelry aims to help their initiative through micro-fincancing through purchasing their beads, helping them establish their local business in Kampala. As such, Touch Jewelry will create unique pieces that reflect the essence of  women around the world, while delivering a message of empowerment.

WoK Annual Marathon Fundraiser

Helen, Jennifer and Grace at the Stone Cold movie screening. Read more here!

It’s that time of the year again – marathon training time! I started training for the Marathon de Montréal 2011 in May just as my first year law exams began. For the rest of the summer, I will be training in Phnom Penh, Cambodia where I am working with LICADHO, a human rights organization. Eventually, I will make my way back to Montreal for September and a final month of running around Mont-Royal.

Last year, a number of you helped donate to Women of Kireka’s School Fundraiser. We have since phased out that program as the women are increasingly able to make ends meet through Women of Kireka’s jewelry sales. We are now hoping to start combining new materials in our jewelry and we are looking for two kinds of generous support: either a donation through ChipIn, which will go directly into buying new jewelry-making tools or materials OR a purchase from the Women of Kireka shop.

Thank-you again to everyone who helped us out last year!

Women of Kireka at “Stone Cold” opening

Jennifer setting up the Women of Kireka table at the Stone Cold movie opening.

The following post is by Katie Gleason, a student at Harvard University and intern with Women of Kireka. You can see the original on her website or on the WoK website. The movie “Stone Cold” is about the quarry the women come from.

Last week the Women of Kireka went Hollywood! Well, sort of. At the kind invitation of Irene Kulabako – film director, health communications specialist, and all around lovely woman – WoK was invited to attend the premier of Stone Cold, a new film by TriVision Uganda.

Shot here in Kampala and in parts of North Eastern Uganda, Stone Cold tells the tale of Kosai, a poor man from the countryside who earns his living crushing stones. Desperate to make ends meet, Kosai takes his four children out of school and forces them to work alongside him in the quarry. The film not only sheds light on the dangers of child labor, but on the specific risks involved with quarry labor.

For Helen, Jennifer, and Grace who accompanied me to the premier, the film resonated with their personal experiences. Fleeing the decades long conflict in Northern Uganda, the women moved south in search of a better life for themselves and their families. Upon arriving in Kireka the only work they could find was in the rock quarry. When asked if the film was an accurate portrayal of the backbreaking and tireless work they have done for years Jennifer responded simply, “That’s the real quarry movie.”

While the film was an amazing opportunity to explore issues close to home, the business minded Women of Kireka took full advantage of this unique opportunity to sell many pieces and get the word out about our jewelry. This eye towards the future was also apparent on Sunday when I had the chance to sit down with Helen, Jennifer, and Grace, and ask them their thoughts about Stone Cold.

Q. What were your thoughts after watching the movie?

Grace. It is very bad indeed. The (movie) pained me, but I don’t have any effort to do another thing. I don’t have a garden. I don’t have any capital to do another business, so that is my work.

Jennifer. I feel like changing. I think about changing my life to another work, but I’m forced to go back because I have nothing (else) to do.

Q. What is your reaction to how the children were forced to work alongside their father in the movie?

Helen. It is really very bad but because of the situation we are forced to do that.

Grace. The way the father acted is what happens in our working place. Even me I am like that man, I force the children to work. Because… I don’t have fees and I don’t have food. (The children) don’t want to go but you are supposed to force them to go. We say “This is your life, if you don’t want to work, you don’t get food, you don’t get fees, so you have to work.” I just request you to get (more of a) market for us so we can stop working that way, because it is very dangerous.

To learn more about what life is like working in a stone quarry read a review of the film here or watch the trailer.

If you are interested in helping the Women of Kireka, we would encourage you to check out our jewelry online. Our prices have changed (in your favor!), so if you are interested in a piece, please let me know directly. Our website is being revamped so do check back soon for more styles and a new look. We also sell loose paper beads in various shapes and sizes (check out Cathy with Touch Jewelry who recently bought several kilos).